The rapidly disappearing wetlands that once spread so abundantly across the American continent serve essential and irreplaceable ecological roles. Yet for centuries, Americans have viewed them with disdain. Beginning with the first European settlers, we have thought of them as “swamps” associated with sickness and landscapes worse than useless unless they could be drained, filled, paved or otherwise "improved." As neither dry land, which can be owned and controlled by individuals, nor bodies of water, which are considered a public resource, wetlands have in recent years been at the center of controversy over issues of environmental protection and property rights. The confusion and contention that surround wetland issues today are the products of a long and convoluted history. Read more